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Waterways

Water is one of the oldest means of transportation. It is the process of moving people, foods, etc.
by barge, boat, ship or sailboat over a sea, ocean, lake, canal, river etc. Waterways are slow and
take a lot of time, but it can carry more shipment at reduced cost over longer distance. Water
transport is of two types: Inland and Oceanic

Inland Water Transport

Inland water transport is quite popular through rivers and
canals because of the low cost and bulk transportation. It
is used mainly for transport within a country. The inland
water transport system heavily depends upon the rain. It
also depends on tide in many places. So, in our country
we cannot guarantee the functioning of inland water
throughout the year at the same efficiency.

Oceanic Transport

Oceans act as huge waterways for the transportation of
goods from one country to another.
It includes import and export of crude and bulky
commodities like
 materials from mines, cement, crude oil, iron ore;
 chemicals like sulphur, crude petroleum;
 agricultural products.
The capability of water to carry large tonnage at low variable costs makes it more popular.

Pipelines

Pipeline is used for the transportation of crude petroleum,
refined petroleum and natural gas. They are also used for the
transportation of some chemicals, dry bulk materials like cement
and flour.
A significant fixed cost is incurred while setting up the pipeline
and related infrastructures. Thus, the pipelines are best suited
when relatively large and stable flows of materials are to be
transported.
In comparison with the other modes of transport, pipelines are efficient as they can be operated for
24 hour , seven days a week.

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