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Utilities

This utility concept is some what same as like tool kit and tool box that came with your newly
purchased bike. Though we are not mechanic, these tools are given for the purpose of
conducting periodic maintenance of bike to maintain its efficiency and performance. Utilities
functions in the same manner for your computer to make more efficient. Utilities are also
known as service programs. Generally utilities are used to perform specific tasks related
managing computer resources. Some utilities are disk defragment, backup, disk cleanup, etc.

Device Drivers

As we know there are different types of devices connected to a computer system which
includes some input devices (for example: keyboard, mouse, scanner etc.), some output
devices (for example: monitor, printer, speaker etc.) and other devices like pen drive, mobiles
etc. Then one question arises that how can computer distinguish these devices while
functioning them. And answer is because of these device drivers. Whenever you connect
device (printer, mouse, etc.) to computer system, computer system has a special program
associated with it. This program is called a device driver. Device drivers works with operating
system. And because of this there is communication between that device and rest of computer
system.

Every time when you connect new device to computer system, it searches for its device drivers
in operating system and if found, operating system install it and device work properly. And if
device drivers are not in operating system then it gives you message for providing it.

Language Translators

Language translators translate programming code or programming instructions into machine
code so that computer can understand and process it.

There are three type of translators:

ÿ Assembler ÿ Compiler ÿ Interpreter

Assembler: Assembler converts a program in Assembly Level Languages into Machine Level
Language i.e assembly code into machine code.

Compiler: Compiler translates the whole program completely in a single operation. A
program written in High Level Language is converted directly into Machine Level
Language.

Interpreter: An interpreter translates High Level Language into Machine Level Language in a
step-by-step process. It is slower the Compiler process.

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