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Chapter 19 Modes

Of Transport

Mode of transport is a term used to dis nguish substan ally different ways to perform
transport. In ancient mes, early man had to walk from place to place as there were
no cars or buses. He had to carry loads on their back. Then he began to use animals.
A er the inven on of the wheel, carts fi ed with wheels came into use. They were
used for both, to carry people and to carry load. But in those days, wheel carts were
pulled by people.

As me passed, he improved the wheel to fit various
carts such as horse-carts and bullock-carts. Roads were
also developed on which these means of transport could
move.

The me has changed and now days there are several faster means of transport
available to us. On the road we can travel by bicycles, scooters, buses, cars and in
other ways. We can also travel on land by trains from one place to another. We can
travel on water by ships, steamers or boats. We can also travel by air in aeroplanes and
helicopters. In India, all the four modes of travel are available to us.

Land Transport
Roadways
Land transporta on is movement of people, animals, and goods from
one loca on to another on land, usually by rail or road. Roads can be
built anywhere, such as on plains, on high mountains or in deserts.
They also great help in emergencies like floods, famines and
earthquakes.
There are two types of roads – Metalled (Pucca) and Unmetalled (Kuchcha). Ci es and
towns mostly have metalled roads. They are coated with stone, cement and tar. Buses,
trucks, autos and cars move fast on these roads. Unmetalled (Kachha) roads are found in
villages. The farmers mostly use bullock-carts to carry the goods to towns and ci es.
Some farmers have tractors; they a ach a trolley with the tractor to carry goods.

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